.. include:: <isonum.txt>
.. include:: 3dprinting_substitutions.txt

.. meta::
   :description lang=en: 3D printing filament notes

.. _filament_topics:

**************
Filament notes
**************

*There's a lot of information on 3D printer filaments and materials out there. These are my notes on on specific issues I've encountered.*

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Filament reviews, master lists, and comparisons
===============================================

A few brave souls are trying to maintain comprehensive reviews and/or comparisons across the range of filaments available.

.. todo:: filament comparisons

* `Greybeard 3D's Filament Color Project <http://greybeard3d.com/>`_
* `Walter's Filament Collection <http://thrinter.com/walters-filament-collection-pla>`_
* `All3DP 2018 Filament guide <https://all3dp.com/1/3d-printer-filament-types-3d-printing-3d-filament/>`_
* `Taulman Materials Selection Guide <http://taulman3d.com/how-to-choose.html>`_
* `3D Printer Filaments Finder <https://www.filaments.directory/>`_

Calibrating new filament
========================

You can use generic settings to get decent results for most filament types, but a bit of fine tuning can help with over- or under-extrusion, stringing and other quality problems. I've put together some :ref:`notes on filament calibration <filament_calibration>`.

Filament suppliers
==================

I've put together as list of :ref:`recommended filament manufacturers and suppliers <filament>`.

Printing with PETG
==================

PETG is a great material, but can be a bit tricky to print with compared to PLA. If you're aware of these differences starting out, you can save a lot of heartache and frustration. Some general notes from printing PETG on my Mk3...

* You don't want too much cooling or you'll get poor inter-layer adhesion, but too little and it can produce very stringy prints. I've gone with 30% cooling for appearance. Keep your eyes open for new versions of PrusaSlicer as they're adding a feature that will allow you to enable cooling only on external perimeters which should help a lot with this situation.
* PETG is prone to snagging onto the nozzle if it’s too close. Some Some :ref:`Live-Z adjustment for PETG <mk3_live_z_calibration_procedure>` is recommended.  is recommended. I raise mine (make less negative) by 0.02mm, though others swear by 0.2mm. See what works best for you.
* PETG is attracted to heat, so try to keep your bed as hot as possible and the extruder as cold as possible at the start of your prints. After the first layer the extruder temperature can be raised and the bed temperature lowered.
* Consider a coated nozzle and/or silicone sock for the heater block to reduce tendency of PETG to stick to the nozzle and heater block.
* When switching from PETG to PLA, heat the nozzle above PETG temps and use some cleaning filament to clear the hotend and nozzle of any residual PETG. This is not 100% mandatory, but the cleaning filament does a good job of pulling out all the PETG, and will also melt out at PLA temps, so any stuck won’t screw up lower temp PLA prints.
* Keep PETG in sealed freezer bags with fresh desiccant when not in use.
* You don’t need an enclosure for PETG. It’s pleasant to work with at normal room temperatures.
* Most PETG will print fine on the PEI sheet with a spritz of Windex and/or wipes with your fingers. However, hotter stuff (>250C on 80C+ bed) may stick too well. Consider :ref:`gluestick or some other release agent <over_adhesion>` for hotter temps.
* Reserve one PEI surface for PETG and other hot sticky materials and a separate surface for PLA.

Temperature ranges
==================

.. todo:: Notes on temperature deflection

Every filament has a maximum "heat deflection temperature", often indicated as ``Tg`` (for glass transition temperature), above which it will distort or melt. Different materials can vary significantly.

.. csv-table:: Temperature deflection characteristics for common filament types
    :header: "Filament Type", "Max. Temperature"
    :widths: 30, 20
    :stub-columns: 1
    :class: longtable

    "Colorfabb HT", "100C/212F"
    "Colorfabb NGEN", "85C/185F"
    "PETG",  "80C/176F"
    "Colorfabb XT", "75C/167F"
    "PLA", "60C/140F"
    "Taulman Bridge", "52C/125F"

.. seealso::

     * :ref:`Filament manufacturers and suppliers <filament>`
     * :ref:`Cleaning the PEI flex steel print sheet <bed_cleaning_procedure>`
     * :ref:`Live-Z Calibration <mk3_live_z_calibration_procedure>`
     * :ref:`Nozzle materials and coatings <nozzle_materials>`
     * :ref:`Hotend, extruder and nozzle maintenance <hotend_maintenance>`

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Last modified Apr 2, 2021. Last build on |today|.